No Officer, I m Not A Criminal - 1415 Words

Milton Gordon Mr. Hines Ela 11 Period 4 2/9/16 No Officer, I’m not a Criminal In the U.S, people are judged every day, whether it be by the way they look, talk, dress, or act. Humans are judgmental people who look for the faults in another. Race is one of these faults, and is a huge cause in civil rights violation. The dictionary defines racial profiling as, â€Å"the use of race or ethnicity as grounds for suspecting someone of having committed an offense†. However, in reality, racial profiling is violating the civil rights of minorities and Muslims. According to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) â€Å"Racial profiling by law enforcement is commonly defined as a practice that targets people for suspicion of crime based on their race,†¦show more content†¦Stolberg points out that racial profiling still continues even though it is against the law of the United States. While some may see this as a way of stopping crime, instead they are violating a person’s rights. An example of this is shown in the U.S today with Black Drivers. † Under the law, officers may not use race and ethnicity in making police decisions... They apply to routine operations, to investigations and to traffic stops.†(Stolberg).Stolberg takes note on the fact that this is not uncommon and in fact is used in the regular practices in some police officers decision making. According to the Bureau Justice Statistics, in the year 2008, Black drivers were three times as likely to be stopped as White drivers. These statistics show how people of color are more likely to be tagged as a person of interest to police. But what the officers do not understand is that they are violating someone’s fourth amendment. The fourth amendment puts a restriction on the power of the police to seize and search people, their property, and their homes. There are multiple cases in which a person of color has been profiled, and has had their rights violated by an officer of the law. An example being Samuel Dubose, an African American man who after being stopped by the Cincinnati Police, was fatally shot for trying to drive off when the cop tried to remove him from his car in 2015. Another being Sandra Bland, an African American woman who was arrested after a traffic

An Analysis of Political Elitism Essay - 2879 Words

An Analysis of Political Elitism It is easy to believe that the middle-class working individual, whether he or she be white collar or blue collar, wields little political power except for during an election. It is also easy to think that we don’t have true democracy; political representation elected by the people, for the people, and controlled by these people. This is an ideology that is often worn out. Instead, these elected representatives are controlled by political à ©lites: high-ranking political gladiators, the media, lobbyists, and, though it may not seem evident, big business. It is, in essence, commonly believed by most. Some reasons why political à ©lites at times dominate government and who these groups are will be examined in†¦show more content†¦From a sociological point of view, elitism deals with class structures. Marx describes these class structures and what makes certain individuals High Class or important. The separation of ownership from the management and control of industry ( Penguin Books, 1994, p.58). Marxists see political à ©lites as bad guys - theoretically, it is because they represent a small portion of the population and are believed to control most of the political power and money. However, Plato’s Republic offers a different standpoint. In his work, political à ©lites are seen as good guys - wise, virtuous, and knowledgeable. It is difficult to define elitism, however. The above definition, first and foremost, deals with financial status. What’s more, Plato’s opinions and definitions of elites are blatantly out of date. Though political à ©lites are predominately high-class and wealthy, it does not explain interest groups and lobbyists. The men and women in these groups are, on the whole, not particularly rich or important. What makes them truly important or powerful is that they alter public opinion (The media works in the same way, however this will be discussed later). The idea that elites shape public opinion applies to all elites as well. Not to mention the fact that the majority of Canadians have negative attitudes toward political elites. As a common sense definition we see the actual people who are elites as fat cats: Rich, privileged, with no concern for theShow MoreRelatedSocial Policy is a Pluralistic Process.973 Words   |  4 Pagesexistence of part competition (i.e. political parties such as Labour, Conservative, Lib Dem, Green), the existence of many ethical values (moral pluralism), or a variety of cultural norms (cultural pluralism or multiculturalism). It indicates that diversity is healthy and desirable, usually because it protects individual freedom and promotes debate, argument and understanding. The more narrow definition of pluralism is that it is a theory of the distribution of political power. 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Fin 571 Week 4 Free Essays

Guillermo’s Furniture Store Scenario There are three alternatives available to the Guillermo’s Furniture Store. One is they can keep the current position or they can become broker or make it high-tech. Therefore, Guillermo’s furniture store can divide the project into current project, High tech project and the broker project. We will write a custom essay sample on Fin 571 Week 4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Guillermo’s furniture store needs to select the option which is good for them and can provide competitive advantage to the store. It has been clear that managers are responsible for the use of capital budgeting techniques to find out exclusive project. We have different types of capital budgeting techniques. These capital budgeting techniques are: 1-Simple Payback, and/or Discounted Payback 2-Net Present Value (NPV) 3-Internal Rate Of Return (IRR) The simple payback period: â€Å"We can define the simple payback period as the expected number of years required to recover the original investment by Guillermo’s Furniture Store† (Brown, et. al, (2006), i. e. if the store has invested $300 millions in its project, then how much time it will take to recover its invested amount. Payback period is the first formal method used to evaluate capital budgeting projects. Here is the payback period for Guillermo’s Furniture Store. The cumulative cash flow of Guillermo’s Furniture store at t = 0 is just the initial cost of -$300,000. At Year 1 the cumulative cash flow is the previous cumulative of $300,000 plus the Year 1 cash flow of $500: -$300,000 + $42,573=-$257,427. Similarly, the cumulative for Year 2 is the previous cumulative of -$257,427 plus the Year 2 inflow of $42,573, resulting in –$214,854. We see that by the end of Year 7 the cumulative inflows have more than recovered the initial outflow. Thus, the payback occurred during the third year. If the $40,584 of inflows comes in evenly during Year 3, then the exact payback period can be found as follows: pic] Applying the same procedure to Project High-Tech and Broker, we find Payback period for them is 1. 53 years and 5. 89 years respectively. It is known that the shorter the payback period, the better. As the projects are mutually exclusive, Project High-tech would be accepted but Project current would be rejected. If the projects were mutually exclusive, High-tech would be ranked over Broker and Current because High-Tech has the shorter payback. Mutually exclusive project means that if one project is taken on, the other must be rejected (Brigham, 2004). Discounted Payback Period: In the real world firms use a variant of the regular payback, the discounted payback period, which is similar to the regular payback period except that the expected cash flows are discounted by the project’s cost of capital (WACC). So we can say that the discounted payback period uses the time value of money in its decision. Here, the discounted payback period is defined as the number of years required to recover the investment from discounted net cash flows generated from the project. If we look at the values of discounted cash flows we can find that the discounted payback period for Current project is 9. years whereas High-Tech and Broker project 1. 4 year and 8. 1 years respectively For Projects Current, High-Tech and Broker, project High-Tech ranked higher as compared to the others (Brigham, 2004). Payback Vs Discounted Payback: We can also says, that a payback is a type of â€Å"breakeven† calculation in the sense that if cash flows come in at the expected rate unt il the payback year, then the project will break even for that year. Here the simple payback period doesn’t consider the cost of capital whereas the discounted payback does consider capital costs it shows the breakeven year after covering debt and equity costs. The biggest drawback of both the payback and discounted payback methods is that they ignore cash flows that are paid or received after the payback period of the project. For example, suppose Project High-Tech had an additional cash flow at Year 5 then the discounted and simple payback period will ignore these values. In real live project with more cash flow after the pay back period would be more valuable than Project with no cash flow, yet its payback and discounted payback make it look worse. This is the reason, the shorter the payback period, other things held constant, the greater the project’s liquidity. Apart from this, since cash flows expected in the distant future are generally riskier than near-term cash flows, the payback is often used as an indicator of a project’s riskiness because the longer the payback period the higher is the risk associated with the project (Brigham, 2004) (Fabuzzi, 2003). Overall there is only one major demerit of the discounted cash flow method that it do not consider the cash flow generated by the company after the payback period and due to this a project with high cash flow after the payback period is rejected in front of a project that pays no cash flow after the payback period. Net Present Value (NPV): NPV is known as the best technique in the capital budgeting decisions. There were flows in payback as well as discounted pay back periods because it don’t consider the cash flow after the payback and discounted pay back period. To remove this flows net present value (NPV) method, which relies on discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques is used to find the value of the project by considering the cash flow of the project till its life. To implement this approach, we proceed as follows: a. Find the present value of each cash flow, including all inflows and outflows, discounted at the project’s cost of capital. b. Sum these discounted cash flows; this sum is defined as the project’s NPV. c. If the NPV is positive, the project should be accepted, while if the NPV is negative, it should be rejected. If two projects with positive NPVs are mutually exclusive, the one with the higher NPV should be chosen. [pic] Here CFt is the expected net cash flow at Period t, k is the project’s cost of capital, and n is the life of the project. Cash outflows (initial investments like expenditures such as the cost of buying equipment or building factories) are treated as negative cash flows for the project because the investor cash position decrease with the investment. In evaluating Projects Current, High-Tech and Broker, only CF0 is negative, but for some project the cash flow remains to be uneven (Brigham, 2004). We can find out the most effective project using NPV method by following techniques. An NPV of zero signifies that the project’s cash flows are exactly sufficient to repay the invested capital and to provide the required rate of return on that capital. If a project has a positive NPV, then it is generating more cash than is needed to service the debt and to provide the required return to shareholders, and this excess cash accrues solely to the firm’s stockholders. This is the reason, if a firm takes on a project with a positive NPV, the wealth of the stockholders increases due to inflow of net cash in there investment. If we take the projects Current, High-tech and Broker shareholders’ wealth would decrease by $26,755 if the firm takes on Project Current, increase by $955,065 if it takes the project High-Tech but by only increase by $27,014 if it takes on Project Broker. So we can easily decide, as the projects are mutually exclusive the Project high-tech is ranked higher than the other two (Brigham, 2004). We can also say that there is a direct relationship between NPV and EVA (economic value added of the project. As NPV is equal to the present value of the project’s future EVAs generated each year. This is the reason if a project has a positive NPV its EVA and MVA (market value added, or the excess of the firm’s market value over its book value) will remain positive (Fabuzzi, 2003). This is commonly used capital budgeting technique by the managers in the current scenario. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) The internal rate of return is similar to the concept of calculating bond yield to maturity. Similar concepts are used in capital budgeting when the internal rate of return (IRR) method is used to evaluate any project. The IRR is defined as the discount rate that equates the present value of a project’s expected cash inflows to the present value of the project’s outflows: [pic] Here CFO is the cash out flow from the project where CFI is the cash inflow from the project. Now how we can find the most valuable project using IRR there are following technique that will help to find out which project among Project Current, High-Tech and Broker is most valuable: i) The IRR on a project is its expected rate of return. i) If the internal rate of return exceeds the cost of the capital (WACC) used to finance the project, a surplus will remain after paying for the capital, and this surplus will accrue to the firm’s stockholders. Therefore, taking on a project whose IRR exceeds its cost of capital increases shareholders’ wealth. iii) But, if the internal rate of return is less than the cost of capital, then taking on the project will impose a cost on current stockholders. If we look at the project Current, High-Tech and Broker we can find that for project Current, IRR is 6. 9% where as the cost of capital is 9. 7%, for project High-Tech IRR is 64. 7% and the cost of capital is 9. 17% and for project broker IRR is 11% and cost of capital is 9. 17%. Hence we can decide that project high-tech is more valuable for Guillermo’s Furniture Store (Brigham, 2004) (Fabuzzi, 2003) (Reilly Brown, 2006). Works Cited Brigham, E. F. , Houston, J. F. (2004). Fundamental of Financial Management. South Western: Thomson. Brown, Reilly. (2006). Investement Analysis and Portfolio Management. Thomson ONE – Business School. Fabozzi, F. J. (2003). Financial management and analysis. New Jercy: John willy and sons. How to cite Fin 571 Week 4, Papers

Effective Business Communication Training on Presentation Skills

Question: Discuss about theEffective Business Communication for Training on Presentation Skills. Answer: Introduction: Effective Business Communication (EBC) is much essential for a successful interaction within a company. The scope of such successful practice not only depends upon the words used, but it also depends on upon the body posture, style (attitude) of communication, the tone of voice and clarity in the message (Mason Leek, 2012). In order to establish a good and efficient business communication following factors are necessary (Mishra, Boynton, Mishra, 2014): Efficientiveness in speaking- This is one of the most important factors in the establishment of an effective business communication. The speaker should express the message according to the situation and understanding potential of the listener. Clear message- With clear communication, an individual seldom gets an opportunity to express their views. Furthermore, it is necessary for them to express their point in an apparent way which can be understood by every listener. Brief and complete message- In a business communication, the message delivered should be brief and to the point as per the requirement. Confidence- Confidence is the foremost factor for a speaker to deliver information in an efficient An individual needs to express their views in clear and strong voice to add integrity to the information Notably, both verbal, as well as non-verbal communication skills, are essential within the interactome framework to enhance the information flow among the employees, customers, collaborators, and other personal outside the firm (Kanihan, 2013). The commonly used tools in this regard include face-to-face communication, presentation, emails, and written reports. It is noteworthy to mention that EBC helps to frame good relationships with other companies, collaborators, customers, co-workers and vendors, which is always reflective in terms of operational management, mitigation strategy, information flow across the organisation, and avoiding the risk of confusion. Scope of Present Training Session The scope of the present training session mainly focuses on the delivery of effective presentation in the meeting. This training session will be helpful to the employees in order to boost up their confidence level and that they can effectively deliver their presentation. In this training session, employees will be provided information on tactics and approaches, to improve their communicative skill with their corresponding audience while giving a presentation (Castells, 2013). Steps Involved in Delivering Presentation Steps necessary for delivering an effective presentation includes: Preparing slides- Slide preparation dictates the whole theme and interest of presentation. The titles of the slide and its contents should coordinate each other and must be in accordance with the speakers word. The presentation should be prepared to fit into the given time period, and it must contain all the necessary information (Hamilton, 2013). Doing a thorough research- Critical research on a subject enhances the knowledge and makes master on that particular topic. Providing the facts which are known to others is a piece of waste; in contrary, the speaker should try to provide their opinion or comment regarding the topic, along with the known information as evidence to convince their facts (Lingard Driessen, 2015). Clear presentation of evidence- An effective presentation must include all of the 7 Cs, which are (i)Clear (ii)Concise (iii)Confidence (iv)Complete (v)Conversational (vi)Considerate and (vii)Check (Castells, 2013). The presentation must include facts and figures as evidence to convince the audiences. Good source of information- The data collected for presentation must be peer-reviewed data, or else it might not be accepted by the audiences. The data gathered for the presentation must be relevant and genuine from all aspects. Knowing the audience- Understanding the audience before any presentation is necessary for any individual so that there will be better The speaker should possess the ability to appeal the emotions of the audiences (Lingard Driessen, 2015). Be organised and determined- It is important to be organised and determined for any presentation. Doing rehearsal or giving a presentation in a simulator approach before the actual event is necessary to be confident in front of the audience (Tropman, 2013). Collecting feedback (Question and Answer) - Collecting feedback from the audience about the presentation is necessary for further improvement. Additionally, before closing any presentation, the speaker can ask the audience for questions to improve the communication with the audience (Ruck Welch, 2012). Be confident and stick to the point- Nervousness gives rise to confusion, which ultimately ruins the whole presentation. To become credible, the speaker should possess the ability to stay on track starting from till beginning till the end (Ruck Welch, 2012). Hence confidence is the only key to a successful and productive Benefits to Audiences Work Related Activities This training session is indeed necessary for the audiences to enhance their knowledge and communicative skills. Optimal usage of EBC is thus requisite to make communication clear and fruitful with the corresponding audience. Employees are also benefited through this training session in the following ways: Offers platform for explicit information sharing- Through this training session, employees of the organisation gets an open platform to share information. They can share and exchange their views and opinions. They get the opportunity to express their thoughts into words (Hamilton, 2013). Increase confidence- Confidence level is also boosted up with this training session. They get confidence as to how, where, when and whom to communicate. Likewise, the corresponding mitigation strategy can be framed with accuracy because of clear communication (Lingard Driessen, 2015). Share knowledge among peers- It helps to build communication among the staffs and share their knowledge and experience between them. In other words, this helps in framing trustworthy relationship (Reynolds, 2013). Improvement in personality- This training session increases the confidence level of individual, which ultimately change their personality (Hamilton, 2013). Conclusion EBC is an essential element for any business as it helps in framing trustworthy relationship and offers a clear prospect of information flow. While making a presentation, the individual must be attentive towards the requirement of research, clear articulation of opportunity, displaying evidence, collecting feedback. In addition to the verbal tactics, the strategy for EBC also include non-verbal strategy such that the audience must perceive a good feeding in conjunction to listening to the presentation. The advantage of these practices is that communication flow will be clearer that helps in developing shared knowledge framed, effective decision making, accurate risk identification and assessment. On the whole, this training session proves to be productive for the organisation as well as its employees in various aspects. References: Castells, M. (2013). Communication power. OUP Oxford. Hamilton, C. (2013). Communicating for results: A guide for business and the professions. Cengage Learning. Kanihan, S. F., Hansen, K. A., Blair, S., Shore, M., Myers, J. (2013). Communication managers in the dominant coalition: Power attributes and communication practices. Journal of Communication Management, 17(2), 140-156. Lingard, L., Driessen, E. (2015). 22 How to tell compelling scientific stories: tips for artful use of the research manuscript and presentation genres. Researching Medical Education, 259. Mason, K., Leek, S. (2012). Communication practices in a business relationship: Creating, relating and adapting communication artifacts through time. Industrial Marketing Management, 41(2), 319-332. Mishra, K., Boynton, L., Mishra, A. (2014). Driving Employee Engagement The Expanded Role of Internal Communications. International Journal of Business Communication, 51(2), 183-202. Reynolds, G. (2013). Presentation zen design: simple design principles and techniques to enhance your presentations. New Riders. Ruck, K., Welch, M. (2012). Valuing internal communication; management and employee perspectives. Public Relations Review, 38(2), 294-302. Tropman, J. E. (2013). Effective meetings: Improving group decision making (Vol. 17). Sage Publications.